Less than two years later, on March 3, 1974, a sudden, forceful blowout tore through Turk Hava Yollari (THY) Flight 981 from Paris to London. Because the aircraft was manufactured by an American company, observers from the United States participated. As a result, the layover increased from the normal one hour to one hour and thirty minutes. Most probably someone had attempted to extend the lock tube but simply twisted it the wrong way. On Flight 811, the cargo hatch failed, causing a section of the fuselage to fail, resulting in the deaths of nine passengers, who were blown out of the aircraft. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 was a passenger flight from Turkey to the UK. The flight was operated by Germanwings, a low-cost carrier owned by the German airline Lufthansa.On 24 March 2015, the aircraft, an Airbus A320-211, crashed 100 km (62 mi; 54 nmi) north-west of Nice in the French Alps. Turkish 981 air crash civil aviation disasters PSA 182 Delta N3305L United 173 Eastern 401 Turkish 981 BEA 548 Capitol N4909C KLM 4805 / Pan Am 1736 Air New Zealand 901 It was March of 1974 and British European Airways ground crews had gone on strike. The aircraft hit the tree tops at about 434 knots (500 mph; 800 km/h) at a negative 4 degree pitch angle; the wings broke up, spilling and igniting fuel, exploding and killing the remaining 340 passenger and crew on board on board. THY Flight 981 was not as lucky as Flight 96: it crashed in a forest in France, and none of the 346 people onboard survived. To the NTSBs surprise, however, the FAA declined to mandate either of its proposed changes. On 3 March 1974, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 operating the flight crashed into the Ermenonville Forest, outside Paris, killing all 346 people on board. Additionally, the FAA ordered further changes to all aircraft with outward-opening doors, including the DC-10, Lockheed L-1011, and Boeing 747, requiring that vents be cut into the cabin floor to allow pressures to equalise in the event of a blown-out door. Shortly after this, legislation was thankfully passed to make the NTSB independent of the Department of Transportation.). Turkish Airlines Flight 981 had just taken off from Paris when the cargo door failed, resulting in a violent crash and the deaths of all 346 people on board. However, Mahmoudi had not been instructed about the purpose of the indicator window; he had been told that as long as the door latch handle stowed correctly and the vent flap closed at the same time, the door was safely latched. This page was last modified on 9 January 2016, at 11:22. 32-33. In service, however, the electric actuators turned out to be a major annoyance, because they suffered frequent voltage drops that prevented them from driving the latches fully closed. 2 each from Australia, Hungary, India, Mexico, the Philippines, South Korea, Singapore. Ms. Sheelagh (Cave) Hurble, 45, divorced, four children They filed the pins down, reducing them by less than a quarter of an inch (6.4 millimetres), and were then able to close the door effortlessly. Mr. Motohisa Kinugasa, 22, bank management trainee Mrs. Claire Black, 46, married, three children, artist 216 new passengers, many of whom were supposed to fly on Air France, BEA, Pan Am, or TWA, boarded TK 981 in Paris. McDonnell Douglass response to this serious failure in testing was to make a few minor changes to the design of the door. On 3 March 1974, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 operating the flight crashed into the Ermenonville Forest, outside Paris, killing all 346 people on board." It was normally the duty of either the airliner's flight engineer or the chief ground engineer of Turkish Airlines to ensure that all cargo and passenger doors were securely closed before takeoff. The plane almost completely disintegrated leaving only 40 bodies intact. Prs de la plaque commmorative se trouvent des plaques individuelles ainsi que les tombes de quelques unes des victimes, le cimetire parisien de Thiais. For Visitors willing to post documentations or to create links between families in the idea of establishing a living Association. Mr. Abdul kazzak Lak-Hani, 34, married, two children, importer, SENEGALESE TC-JAV, the DC-10 involved in the accident in 1973, one year before the crash, Plane Crash Turkish Airlines flight 981 Dc 10; YouTube, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Airlines_Flight_981&oldid=8339797, Cargo door failure due to aircraft design flaw leading to. (Convair, while responsible for fabricating the fuselage including the floor, had no authority to change the design unilaterally.). The first leg from IST to ORY went smoothly, with a flying time of four hours. Speed! The sheer speed of the plane was causing lift to increase, thus raising the nose, but they werent pulling up fast enough. Les 300 tonnes du DC-10 ont t ramenes de petits fragments de mtal tordu et des effets personnels parpills sur une large zone. What happened? he shouted. 44 passengers and four crew members came from Turkey. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 was a McDonnell Douglas DC-10, registered TC-JAV and named the Ankara, that crashed in Fontaine-Chaalis, Oise, France, outside Senlis, on 3 March 1974. Despite knowing of this vulnerability, and also knowing that airlines had reported over 1,000 issues with the DC-10s rear cargo door (a rate of more than 10 per plane at the time), McDonnell Douglas actively campaigned to avoid any binding requirement to fix this obvious danger. One of the flight attendants had fallen half way into the hole, buried under a tangle of fractured ceiling panels, where she lay screaming for help. At Orly airport, 50 passengers are scheduled to disembark. Changes had also been made to the warning light switch, so that it would turn off the cockpit warning light even if the handle was not fully closed. As Captain McCormick steered his plane slowly back toward Detroit, he knew that they were in a delicate situation. The cabin consisted of eight flight attendants. Employees at British European Airways had gone on strike in order to secure higher pay ahead of a planned merger with BOAC, and all across Europe, passengers who had been scheduled with BEA were making their way to Paris to find a flight, any flight, back to London. Mr. Desmond Armstrong Reay, 59, company director The plane had landed at Orly Airport, Paris, where it was to drop off a group of passengers and continue on its way. Flight TK70 Reg: TC-JJU. Technological advances were able to eliminate most of these problems, though. Mrs. Clara Lux, 79, widow, one child, typing school director [7], Other passengers included Dr. Wayne Ayres Wilcox, a cultural attach of the Embassy of the United States in London, his wife Ouida Rae (Neill) Wilcox, and two of his four children, as well as 48 Japanese university graduates who were touring Europe, and planning to join Japanese firms after their tour. Mr. Michael Tilbrook, 36, married, agricultural merchant Turkish Airlines Flight 981 was a scheduled flight from Istanbul Yesilky Airport to London Heathrow Airport, with an intermediate stop at Orly Airport in Paris. Mr. Amadeu Pumar Bergamini, 22, student Although relevant sections of the Turkish Airlines board meeting minutes were redacted for national security reasons, it is thought that the Turkish Air Force wanted the DC-10s because they expected an imminent outbreak of war in Cyprus, and the DC-10 could carry 350 troops at a time into the airport in Nicosia. Mr. Milton Safran, 49, married, four children, antique dealer The outward-opening design allowed the hatch to be blown open by the pressure inside the cargo area if the latch failed during flight. The investigation sparked blame on Turkish Airlines and Douglas itself since both were at fault for different parts of the crisis. It wasnt strong enough, it didnt accomplish its intended goals, and it was possible to adjust the components such that its supposed failsafes were overridden. Mr. Takehiro Higuchi, 26, married architect and his wife Atsoko, 25, elcrk The DC-10 had disintegrated into hundreds of thousands of pieces, and, horrifically, so had its passengers. Pre-owned . When the arm of the latch actuator is fully extended, the hinge is pushed over-center, and the only way to bend the hinge back the other way is to retract the actuator arm. Mr. Michael George Beckwith, 28, married, one child, doctor and his wife Fatricia Ann, 30, teacher After the crash of Flight 981, the latching system was completely redesigned. Mr. Peter Frederick Warnett, 36, married, one child, technical services representative Ms. Monique Lezay, 33, divorced, five children, clerk Turkish Airlines Flight 981. These bolts cannot withstand the pressure differential at altitudes higher than approximately 11,500 feet. The plane was diving ever more steeply toward the ground, spiraling downward faster and faster, hurtling toward the fields, forests, and villages below. Shortly thereafter, the aircraft received clearance from the controllers to climb to 23,000 feet (6,900 meters). The sudden departure of the door caused all the air to rush out of the cargo compartment, taking with it a number of items, including an occupied coffin. Copyright aviationfile 2023. Mr. Boubacar Sy, 40, married, merchant, SPANISH Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner Fly to your dreams with the Dreamliner and explore every corner of the world. To turn left, the ailerons increase the angle of attack of the right wing and reduce the angle of attack of the left wing, causing the right wing to generate more lift and turn the plane. Flight Miniatures Caledonian Airways DC-10 Desk Display Jet . First Officer Oral Ulusman, 38, had 5,600 hours flying time, and Flight Engineer Erhan zer, 37, had 2,120 flying hours experience. Mr. Malcolm Ronald Portch, 47, married, one child, company director and his wife Enid Dilysea, 41. company director and their daughter Trudi Melinda, 6 After the disaster, the latches were redesigned and the locking system significantly upgraded. Mr. Morton Lloyd Lewis, 56, divorced, journalist Mr. David Lewis Cowell, 36, married, one child, farm products representative anset2000it. The vent plug and cockpit light were operated by the handle or the locking pins, not the latches, so when the handle was stowed, both of these warning devices indicated that the door was properly closed. When US Airways Flight 427 began its approach to land in Pittsburgh on September 8, 1994, the Boeing 737 suddenly rolled to the left and plunged 5,000 feet to the ground, killing all 132 people . Mr. Robert Briggs Savidge, 20, assistant farm manager The vent door was of course meant to solve this, but it was entirely useless because it was not driven by the locking pins and thus could not indicate whether the hinges were over-center. The design of the cargo door was, of course, flawed from the beginning. Mr. Brian Lucius Arthur, 32, married, two children, real estate agent See airlines, aircrafts, flight time and distance, flight schedules and timetables. Mrs. Fumi Nagao, 48, married, two children Two months later, despite not having any concrete plans, McDonnell Douglas announced that it would build the same thing, except better, and they would get it done faster. Turkish Airlines Flight 981. Mr. Sydney Maurice Bressloff, 52, insurance agent It moved into place normally, the vent door closed, and the warning light went out in the cockpit. Mr. John North Lewis W1son, 25, married, research economist and his wife Joyce, 24, teacher No one, not even the experienced police captain, could have been prepared for what they actually found. The locking system was mechanically upgraded to prevent the handle from being forced closed without the pins in place, and the vent door was altered to be operated by the pins, thereby indicating when the pins, rather than the handle, were in the locked position. Mr. Carlo Alberto Fontana, 38, married, one child, engineer It would have been tempting to immediately try to return to the airport, but with the plane no longer in danger of spiraling into the ground, McCormick decided to first take stock of the situation. (Four survived JAL 123, as did 61 from Pan Am 1736 on Tenerife.). The incident investigators discovered that the rod connecting the pins to the handle was weak enough that it could be bent with repeated operation and some force being applied, allowing the baggage handler to close the handle with his knee in spite of the pins interfering with the torque tube flanges. In his memo, he wrote: It seems to me inevitable that, in the 20 years ahead of us, DC10 cargo doors will come open and cargo compartments will experience decompression for other reasons, and I would expect this to usually result in the loss of the airplane. Furthermore, because Convair was aware that this could occur, the company could be exposed to liability in these future accidents. Mr. Bobuo Iwanaga, 23, bank management trainee Some other passengers cancelled their tickets due to delays or for not finding enough seats. How many passengers were on Turkish Airlines Flight 981? The solution, in Applegates mind, was to make sure McDonnell Douglas changed the design of the floor as quickly as possible. The flight crew were all Turkish. On 3 March, 1974, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10[1] operating the flight suffered an explosive decompression and crashed into the Ermenonville Forest, shortly after it had left Paris. However, the number 2 engine in the tail had failed. Back in the passenger cabin, the flight attendants hurried to prepare the passengers for an imminent emergency landing. A dense, white fog filled the plane as water vapor instantly condensed out of the air. But McDonnell Douglas never wavered from its belief that human error was the only cause of cargo door failures, as the company blamed the Windsor incident on ground agent William Eggert, and even attempted initially to pin the Turkish airlines disaster on the illiterate baggage handler Mohammed Mahmoudi, who hadnt even deviated from proper procedure (Mahmoudi also pointed out that he was in fact literate in three languages, thank you very much!). Mr. Graham Milton Wood, 37, married, three children, insurance broker and his wife Margaret Rosemary, 33 Mr. Islam Temizkan, 25, airline employee Here is a forum where information regarding the accident is available to the public and as a remembrance where many can heal from the effects of the tragedy. He had no idea that this might be a sign that the door was not fully latched, nor did he know that trying to force it would cause mechanical damage, and so he decided to apply more force to the handle using his knee. Furthermore, the FAA failed to discover this obvious design flaw during certification of the airplane. Many. An Airworthiness Directive was immediately issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FFA),[3] calling for strengthening the load floor and control cables. The flight data recorder showed that the throttle for Engine 2 snapped shut when the door failed. Free shipping for many products! Any force transmitted through the latches themselves will attempt to push the hinge even farther over-center, which is rendered impossible by a metal stop that limits the movement of the hinge. The only runway at the airport long enough for a DC-10 was in a state of disrepair. All three throttle levers snapped back to idle and the plane began to pitch down. The collapse also severed the cables that controlled the number two engine and the left elevator, while the right elevator cable was crimped within a buckled floor section, making it difficult to move. With the locking pins overlapping the flanges by only 2.5 millimeters even at full extension, and no support plate to stop the torque tube from bending, only 13 pounds (57 Newtons) of force were required to bend the torque tube and lock a door that was not fully over-center. This section was ripped off the aircraft, along with the six passengers seated there. Miss Nancy Beth Kalinsky, 22, student Mrs. Margot Vilma Lassagnes, 78, married, one child, film and television director, SWISS The plane had landed at Orly Airport, Paris, where it was to drop off a group of passengers and continue on its way. Mr, Herbert Payman, 76, married, one child, electrical engineer his wife Ouida Rae, 38, their son Clark, 12 and their daughter Kailan, 15 However, the head of the Western regional office of the FAA, which oversaw McDonnell Douglas, clearly saw the danger of the cargo door design, and knew that it would eventually need to issue a mandatory Airworthiness Directive (AD) legally requiring the manufacturer to implement a redesign or risk the planes being grounded. The plane was almost full due to a strike by British European Airways employees. Of the 346 passengers and crew on board, only 40 bodies were visually identifiable with rescue teams recovering some 20,000 body fragments in all. The First Officer was Oral Ulusman, age 38, he had been with Turkish Airlines for five years at the time of the accident, with a total of 5,589 flight hours. At 12:41 and 43 seconds, Turkish Airlines flight 981 plowed into the dark pines of the Ermenonville Forest, pitched four degrees nose down and traveling at a speed of 423 knots 783 kilometers per hour. Mr. Roy Bacon, 32, married, two children, secondhand dea1er But when the job got out of machine control and depended on human attention, major accidents also became inevitable. But then, thinking quickly and without waiting for instructions, First Officer Peter Whitney increased reverse thrust on the left engine while simultaneously moving the right engine to forward thrust, causing the plane to veer back to the left. The flight was over Coulommiers, France at the time. and 1 each from Belgium, Cyprus, West Germany, Greece, Iran, Israel, Ireland, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Portugal, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and South Vietnam. Lannier assumed it was a small plane from the local gliding club, and he told his assistant to dispatch some squad cars to the scene. The pins were pushed into place by an operating handle on the outside of the hatch. Only 167 passengers were aboard the 345 seat DC-10, 50 of those scheduled to get off in Paris. Mr. Rehn Claus Peterson, 49, married, three children, company president The interconnecting linkage between the lock and the latch hooks had not been upgraded. The aftermath saw several design changes to the DC-10 to prevent such crashes and renewed scrutiny of the design process. You can get information about APIS (Advanced Passenger Information System) through this page. Mr. Terence Frederick Paul, 42, married, three children, company representative Mr. Hiroshi Ishibashi, 23, trading company management trainee Identifying all those who died in the Ermenonville crash was an enormous task because of the general confusion at Orly Airport and the last-minute rush for seats just before flight 981s departure. Mr. David Herman Kween, 30, married, two children, merchant (and his wife Phyllis, listed under U.S, victims) The company had originally planned to use a hydraulic actuator, which was more reliable and would always apply positive pressure, unlike an electric actuator, which could act on the latch mechanism only when turned on. On March 3, 1974, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 operating the flight crashed into the Ermenonville forest outside Paris, killing all 346 people on board. There are no survivors.. 50 passengers disembarked in Paris. Mr, Nigel John Norcliffe Roberts, 24, wine merchant Mr. Leslie George Paine, 47, married, four children, mining engineer and his wife Ivy Maud Letitia, 57 The English rugby team took an Air France Boeing 727 instead of the doomed aircraft. But, with the gift of hindsight, it is possible to say that being the first was both a blessing and a curse. And even worse, it hid this knowledge from the FAA. Mr. Norikazu Morikawa, 22, bank management trainee The concept of over-centering is found most commonly in a household light switch: once the switch is pushed past the center point, it will slip into the opposite detent, and only a new force equal to the original force will push it back. Mr. Frederick Ernest George Sanders, 42, married, one child, company director 3 March 1974; THY Turkish Airlines DC10; TC-JAV; flight 981; near Paris, France: The aircraft was a scheduled international flight from Paris to London. Most European airlines planned to take two years to incorporate the DC-10 into their fleets; Turkish Airlines wanted to do it in twelve weeks. The cargo door of the plane exploded, creating a hole in the floor of the plane. Pilots Mr. Yasushi Kohama, 23, bank management trainee The case should have been open and shut, the resulting design changes uncontroversial. Two years earlier, the same thing happened to another DC-10 operating American Airlines flight 96, leading to a harrowing fight for control which culminated in a successful emergency landing that saved the lives of 67 people. Certainly her crew, consisting of Captain Bryce McCormick, First Officer Peter Whitney, and Flight Engineer Clayton Burke, could not have expected that their brand new plane, flying in perfect weather, was about to throw them into a terrifying fight for survival. By the second half of the 1960s, famed aircraft manufacturer Douglas was in trouble. Mr. Paul Anthony Hiilman, 25, real estate agency director Miss Keko Kanai, 23, student While various parties explored a design solution, the Western regional office planned to issue a series of ADs mandating interim fixes, beginning with a requirement to implement McDonnell Douglass improvement to the latch actuator wire. 21. Nor could it have been done the stamps were dated July 18th 1972, before any instructions for the repair had even been drafted. 53, and their daughter Alejandra Maria, 15, student, AUSTRALIAN The two planes were also configured differently above the baggage compartment. Mr. Takeo Shinmi, 22, bank management trainee Date March 3, 1974, located at Orly Airport, Paris, France. The 747 had a small plug-type vent door within the cargo door, which was driven closed by the lock tube itself; if the lock tube did not fully extend, the vent door would not close, indicating that the door was not locked. Miss Gunseli Yuruker, 17, student, Mr. Barry Abraharnson, 67, married, two children, jeweler and his wife Florrie, 6S 3/3/1974 Turkish Airlines Flight 981 crash site after the In-Flight opening of the Cargo door. This created a pressure differential between the cabin and the hold which amounted to several tons per square meter, a force that the floor was not designed to withstand. If he tried to turn too far to the left using the ailerons, this could, counterintuitively, result in a spin to the right. The more extensive collapse of the floor severed all the control cables to the tail, rather than most of them, rendering it impossible for the pilots to control their planes pitch. On the 3rd of March 1974, a packed Turkish Airlines DC-10 was rocked by a tremendous explosion shortly after takeoff from Paris. Mrs, Marjorie hfagdalen Dickman, 73, widow, three children and her sister Mrs, Gladys Mary Rowlandson, 77, widow, one child, company director and Mrs, Rowlandsons daughter Joyce Fairburn, 44, and her husband Bryan Egerton Fairburn, 45, architect The plane yawed sharply left, the nose dropped, and all three engines rolled back to idle. He also had flown the Fokker F27 and the McDonnell Douglas DC-9. The DC-10 went out of control and, despite the best efforts of the pilots, crashed into the forests of Ermenonville, 37 km northeast of Paris. Mr. David Alexander Tomlin, 43, married, two children, accountant Ramenes de petits fragments de mtal tordu et des effets personnels turkish airlines flight 981 passenger list sur une large.! The throttle for engine 2 snapped shut when the door failed tail failed! Make the NTSB independent of the cargo door of the plane exploded creating... 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