[50] They formed the Watauga Association in 1772, a semi-autonomous representative government,[51] and three years later reorganized themselves into the Washington District to support the cause of the American Revolutionary War. [459] Tennessee State plays football in Division I's second level, the Football Championship Subdivision, while Belmont and Lipscomb do not have football teams. [300], The automotive industry is Tennessee's largest manufacturing sector and one of the nation's largest. Department of Revenue David Gerregano, Commissioner 500 Deaderick Street Nashville, TN 37242 Department Contact Information [59] These settlers constructed Fort Nashborough, which they named for Francis Nash, a brigadier general of the Continental Army. Black bears are found in the Blue Ridge Mountains and on the Cumberland Plateau. [216] Its major tributaries include the Clinch, Little Tennessee, Hiwassee, Sequatchie, Elk, Beech, Buffalo, Duck, and Big Sandy rivers. The most-circulated paid newspapers in the state include The Tennessean in Nashville, The Commercial Appeal in Memphis, the Knoxville News Sentinel, the Chattanooga Times Free Press, and The Leaf-Chronicle in Clarksville, The Jackson Sun, and The Daily News Journal in Murfreesboro. [2] It is in Shelby County, Tennessee's largest county in both population and land area. Paleo-Indians are believed to have hunted and camped in what is now Tennessee as early as 12,000 years ago. [88] Cotton planters used extensive slave labor on large plantation complexes in West Tennessee's fertile and flat terrain after the Jackson Purchase. [289], Tennessee has the eighth-most farms in the nation, which cover more than 40% of its land area and have an average size of about 155 acres (0.63km2). [363] The Tennessee Board of Regents (TBR), also known as The College System of Tennessee, operates 13 community colleges and 27 campuses of the Tennessee Colleges of Applied Technology (TCAT). [84] The Cherokee moved their capital from Georgia to the Red Clay Council Grounds in southeastern Tennessee in 1832, due to new laws forcing them from their previous capital at New Echota. Between 2000 and 2010, Tennessee's Hispanic population grew by 134.2%, the third-highest rate of any state. [61] This settlement later grew into the city of Nashville. An estimated 2124% of Tennesseans are of predominantly English ancestry. Of the foreign-born population, approximately 42.7% were naturalized citizens and 57.3% non-citizens. [454] Tennessee has three minor league soccer teams. [460] The Nashville Superspeedway in Lebanon, which previously held Nationwide and IndyCar races until it was shut down in 2011, reopened to host the NASCAR Cup Series in 2021. [403] Tennessee is divided into 31 judicial districts, each with a circuit and chancery court, and a district attorney and judges elected to eight-year terms. With the help of Northern investors, Chattanooga became one of the first industrialized cities in the South. [131] The majority of freed slaves were forced into sharecropping during the latter 19th century, and many others worked as agricultural wage laborers. The TWRA is an independent agency tasked with enforcing all wildlife, boating, and fishery regulations outside of state parks. [173][174] The cleanup cost more than $1 billion and lasted until 2015. [431] Howard Baker, first elected in 1966, became the first Republican U.S. The most pleasant months of the year for Tennessee are May, September and October. [176] Tennessee covers roughly 42,143 square miles (109,150km2), of which 926 square miles (2,400km2), or 2.2%, is water. Along with projectile points common for this period, archaeologists in Williamson County have uncovered a 12,000-year-old mastodon skeleton with cut marks typical of prehistoric hunters.. In 1567, Spanish explorer Captain Juan Pardo and his party encountered a Native American village named "Tanasqui" in the area while traveling inland from modern-day South Carolina; however, it is unknown if this was the same settlement as Tanasi. [425], Between the end of Reconstruction and the mid-20th century, Tennessee voted consistently Democratic in Presidential elections, except in two nationwide Republican landslides in the 1920s. [33], The first recorded European expeditions into what is now Tennessee were led by Spanish explorers Hernando de Soto in 15401541, Tristan de Luna in 1559, and Juan Pardo in 15661567. The state averages 15 tornadoes annually. [16] The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the nation's most visited national park, is in eastern Tennessee. [88] East Tennessee's geography did not allow for large plantations as in the middle and western parts of the state, and as a result, slavery became increasingly rare in the region. km, the State of Tennessee is located in the South-Eastern region of the United States. WebGet Your Free 2022 Tennessee Vacation Guide Get the latest on all of the music experiences and attractions across the state. [349] Memphis was historically home to Sun Records, where musicians such as Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins, Jerry Lee Lewis, Roy Orbison, and Charlie Rich began their recording careers, and where rock and roll took shape in the 1950s. [198] Most of these ridges are low, but some of the higher ones are commonly called mountains. All of these except the Times Free Press are owned by Gannett. [66] Administration of the territory was divided between the Washington District and the Mero District, the latter of which consisted of the Cumberland Association and was named for Spanish territorial governor Esteban Rodrguez Mir. [25] Later generations of Woodland peoples constructed the first mounds. [299], Until World War II, Tennessee, like most Southern states, remained predominantly agrarian. This event is known as the Trail of Tears, and an estimated 4,000 died along the way. [351], Tennessee has played a critical role in the development of many forms of American popular music, including blues, country, rock and roll, rockabilly, soul, bluegrass, Contemporary Christian, and gospel. [233], Common mammals found throughout Tennessee include white-tailed deer, red and gray foxes, coyotes, raccoons, opossums, wild turkeys, rabbits, and squirrels. [277] Nashville has publishing houses of several denominations. [372], Six television media marketsNashville, Memphis, Knoxville, Chattanooga, Tri-Cities, and Jacksonare based in Tennessee. Tennessee has 33.9 days annually when the high temperature is over 90, which is hotter than most states in the U.S. The Bulldogs jumped out to a fast start and were clearly motivated after getting shell-shocked by Tennessee a few games ago. [65] North Carolina ceded the area to the federal government in 1790, after which it was organized into the Southwest Territory on May 26 of that year. Memphis 901 FC has played in the second-tier USL Championship since 2019. These mountains, which average 5,000 feet (1,500m) above sea level in Tennessee, contain some of the highest elevations in eastern North America. [357] The state also has many private schools. [66] The act allowed the territory to petition for statehood once the population reached 60,000. [69], As support for statehood grew among the settlers, Governor Blount called for elections, which were held in December 1793. Tennessee State Government - TN.gov The Tennessee Conservationist Holiday Offer Request Your Free 2022 TN Vacation Guide Find a COVID-19 Vaccine Appointment Hub for Learning and Teaching Fiscal Year 2022-23 Budget The Tennessee Conservationist Holiday Offer Save on Conservationist Magazine Subscriptions! [154], After the U.S. Supreme Court ruled racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, Oak Ridge High School in 1955 became the first school in Tennessee to be integrated. Its economy is dominated by the health care, music, finance, automotive, chemical, electronics, and tourism sectors, and cattle, soybeans, corn, poultry, and cotton are its primary agricultural products. [400] No more than two justices can be from the same Grand Division. [365], In 2014, the Tennessee General Assembly created the Tennessee Promise, which allows in-state high school graduates to enroll in two-year post-secondary education programs such as associate degrees and certificates at community colleges and trade schools in Tennessee tuition-free, funded by the state lottery, if they meet certain requirements. [103] Grant then proceeded south to Pittsburg Landing and held off a Confederate counterattack at Shiloh in April in what was at the time the bloodiest battle of the war. [112] On April 27, 1865, the worst maritime disaster in American history occurred when the Sultana steamboat, which was transporting freed Union prisoners, exploded in the Mississippi River north of Memphis, killing 1,168 people. Tennessee projected to experience major quake in coming years", "Tennessee is more earthquake-prone than you may expect", "Summary of 1811-1812 New Madrid Earthquakes Sequence", "Federal Lands and Indian Reservations - Tennessee", "Geology and History of the Cumberland Plateau", "Cumberland Trail State Scenic Trail - 2020", "Overview of the State - Tennessee - 2021", Health Resources and Services Administration, "Cumberland River Basin & Barren River Watershed", "Conasauga River nearly became important in Tennessee history", "Revisiting the Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America", 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[341:RTDFOE]2.0.CO;2, "Climate Change and Potential Impacts to Wildlife in Tennessee", "GSMNP reaches biodiversity milestone of 20,000 species", "Tennessee's Duck River in National Geographic", "7 Dangerous Animals in Tennessee: Deadliest Wildlife Guide", "Last Stand for the Southern Spruce-Fir? [417] Tennessee does not require voters to declare a party affiliation when registering. [359], The state enrolls approximately 1 million K12 students in 137 districts. [249] Clarksville is a significant population center, with about 170,000 residents. Additional important products manufactured in Tennessee include fabricated metal products, electrical equipment, consumer electronics and electrical appliances, and nonelectrical machinery. WebTre Hargett was elected by the Tennessee General Assembly to serve as Tennessees 37th secretary of state in 2009 and re-elected in 2013, 2017, and 2021. [156] On April 4, 1968, James Earl Ray assassinated civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. in Memphis. [158][159], The 1962 U.S. Supreme Court case Baker v. Carr arose out of a challenge to the longstanding rural bias of apportionment of seats in the Tennessee legislature and established the principle of "one man, one vote". Don't be embarrassed, few get it right", "Tennessee's huge auto industry: 7 things you may not know", "Ford aims to create 5,700 jobs with new factory, battery plant near Memphis", "Nissan to Move U.S. Headquarters to Tennessee", "Mitsubishi North America to move headquarters to Nashville area", "Tennessee home to 9 of world's largest companies", "What are Tennessee's biggest businesses? The first has been in Republican hands continuously since 1881, and Republicans or their antecedents have held it for all but four years since 1859. "[134][135], Due to increasing racial segregation and poor standards of living, many black Tennesseans fled to industrial cities in the Northeast and Midwest as part of the first wave of the Great Migration between 1915 and 1930. In the southeast U.S. region that includes Tennessee, the Kraken strain is the second-most prevalent strain, making up about 31% of all cases, CDC data show. I-269 runs from Millington to Collierville, serving as an outer bypass of Memphis. [180][182] Uncertainties in the latter 19th century over the location of the state's border with Virginia culminated in the U.S. Supreme Court settling the matter in 1893, which resulted in the division of Bristol between the two states. [89] Cotton also took hold in the Nashville Basin during this time. [319] Tennessee was also an early leader in hydroelectric power,[320] and today is the third-largest hydroelectric power-producing state east of the Rocky Mountains. [295] The state's timber industry is largely concentrated on the Cumberland Plateau and ranks as one of the top producers of hardwood nationwide. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. [231] Some of the last remaining large American chestnut trees grow in the Nashville Basin and are being used to help breed blight-resistant trees. [271], Tennessee is included in most definitions of the Bible Belt, and is ranked as one of the nation's most religious states. Other major cities include Memphis, Knoxville, Chattanooga, and Clarksville. Because Memphis International Airport is the hub of FedEx Corporation, it is the world's busiest cargo airport. [155] The next year, nearby Clinton High School was integrated, and Tennessee National Guard troops were sent in after pro-segregationists threatened violence. Of the Protestants in the state, Evangelical Protestants compose 52% of the population, Mainline Protestants 13%, and Historically Black Protestants 8%. [202] The Cumberland Trail traverses the eastern escarpment of the Cumberland Plateau and Cumberland Mountains. [341][342] Tennessee maintains 56 state parks, covering 132,000 acres (530km2). It is the 16th smallest state in land area. [101] In March 1862, Lincoln appointed native Tennessean and War Democrat Andrew Johnson as military governor of the state. Under Brownlow's administration from 1865 to 1869, the legislature allowed African American men to vote, disenfranchised former Confederates, and took action against the Ku Klux Klan, which was founded in December 1865 in Pulaski as a vigilante group to advance former Confederates' interests. [125][126] Reformers worked to modernize Tennessee into a "New South" economy during this time. [218] Its tributaries are the Obion, Forked Deer, Hatchie, Loosahatchie, and Wolf rivers. [169] The same year, the whitewater slalom events at the Atlanta Summer Olympic Games were held on the Ocoee River in Polk County. 1 thing for teams, and Mississippi State had plenty. WebTennessee's third-largest city perfectly blends outdoor recreation with urban amenities. [419], Between the end of the Civil War and the mid-20th century, Tennessee was part of the Democratic Solid South, but had the largest Republican minority of any former Confederate state. Tennessee has the third-highest number of amphibian species, with the Great Smoky Mountains home to the most salamander species in the world. [393] The capital was relocated to Nashville in 1812, where it remained until it was relocated back to Knoxville in 1817. [459] In Nashville, the Vanderbilt Commodores are also members of the SEC. And climate change has made that a very big deal", "Tennessee - State Energy Profile Analysis", "Minerals and Mining of the Copper Basin", "Mining the Copper Basin in Southeast Tennessee", The Brown Iron Ores of West-Middle Tennessee, "A Detailed Look At How Americans Travel Within The US", "Report: State, East TN counties travel, tourism industries saw record-breaking growth in 2019", 2019 Economic Impact of Travel on Tennessee, "Tourism in Tennessee Shattered Records with $23 Billion in Travel Spending and 126 Million Domestic Person Stays in 2019", "Five TN roads designated as National Scenic Byway or All-American Road", "Study: TVA lakes have nearly $12 billion economic impact to region", "4 Ways to Experience History at the Tennessee State Museum", "Memphis Unmatched for American Music History", "How Did Nashville Become the Hub of Country Music? [90] A strong abolition movement developed in East Tennessee, beginning as early as 1797, and in 1819, Elihu Embree of Jonesborough began publishing the Manumission Intelligencier (later The Emancipator), the nation's first exclusively anti-slavery newspaper. Tennesseans narrowly supported Warren G. Harding over Ohio Governor James Cox in 1920,[427] and more decisively voted for Herbert Hoover over New York Governor Al Smith in 1928. [199], The Cumberland Plateau rises to the west of the Tennessee Valley, with an average elevation of 2,000 feet (610m). Archaeological excavations indicate that the lower Tennessee Valley was heavily populated by Ice Age hunter-gatherers, and Middle Tennessee is believed to have been rich with game animals such as mastodons. Tennessee has 33.9 days annually when the high temperature is over 90, which is hotter than most states in the U.S. State park rangers are responsible for all activities and law enforcement inside the Tennessee State Parks system. [241] Tornadoes are possible throughout the state, with West and Middle Tennessee the most vulnerable. choose the site nearest you: chattanooga; clarksville; cookeville; jackson; knoxville; memphis; nashville; tri-cities [315][316] The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) owns over 90% of the state's generating capacity. Department of Revenue David Gerregano, Commissioner 500 Deaderick Street Nashville, TN 37242 Department Contact Information [362], Public higher education is overseen by the Tennessee Higher Education Commission (THEC), which provides guidance to the state's two public university systems. This town appeared on British maps as early as 1725. ", States of the Union: Ranking America's Biodiversity, "World Map of KppenGeiger Climate Classification", "Nashville Weather Records (1871-Present)", "Tropical Cyclone Rainfall in the Southeastern United States", "Mean Annual Average Number of Tornadoes 19532004", "National and Local Weather Forecast, Hurricane, Radar and Report", "City and Town Population Totals: 2010-2019", "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals and Components of Change: 20102019", "Tri-Cities seek new name to embrace a whole region", "Historical Population Change Data (19102020)", "Table 4. [347] The Tennessee State Museum in Nashville chronicles the state's history and culture. [12] Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, and later the Southwest Territory, before its admission to the Union as the 16th state on June 1, 1796. The husband of the Tennessee police officer fired for having sex with six of her coworkers is standing by his wife, the Daily Mail reported Friday. 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