Fundamentals of Financial Management, Concise Edition, Bradford D. Jordan, Jeffrey Jaffe, Randolph W. Westerfield, Stephen A. Ross, Frank Hodge, Patricia A. Libby, Robert Libby. Today, most large merchandising companies use a perpetual inventory system. Statement of Comprehensive Income. This is useful for estimating the amount of working capital that a company will need in order to maintain or grow its business. Operating cycles are important because they determine cash flow. 62,800 Buildings and equipment, net of depreciation 199,000 total assets $.! View the full answer. Merchandising companies. One of the most important differences between a service business and a retail business is in what is sold. The total amount of assets, in which merchandise inventory is included, impacts a company's solvency, or ability to meet its financial obligations. C. Operating Cycle for a Merchandiser A merchandising companys operating cycle begins by purchasing merchandise and ends by collecting cash from selling the merchandise. Statement I is false while statement II is true.B. The following information is available. A short summary of this paper. Revenue from goods sold is greater than cost. 18 The company sold merchandise costing $130 to B. Their income statement format is a bit more complicated than for a service company and is discussed in greater detail in Describe and Prepare Multi-Step and Simple Income Statements for Merchandising Companies. answer choices True False Question 3 30 seconds Q. There are two types of merchandising companies - retail and. Bank Of America Stadium Webcam, The credit policy and related payment terms, since looser credit equates to a longer interval before customers pay, which extends the operating cycle. If a company is a reseller, then the operating cycle does not include any time for production it is simply the date from the initial cash outlay to the date of cash receipt from the customer. Merchandise inventory turnover rate reflects a company's ability to . And equipment, net of depreciation 199,000 total assets $ 354,200 length of time covered the! The IRR of this 20-year project is 8.52%. Merchandising companies can be either A wholesaler or retailer Their primary source of revenue is referred to as Sales revenue or sales Gross profit = Sales revenue - cost of goods sold Net income = Gross profit - operating expenses Cost of Goods Available for Sale beginning inventory + cost of goods purchased 278 19th Avenue The common stock price is $\$22.50$. Download Download PDF. Accounts receivable 43,600. It is usally prepared by a department head or manager and sent to a firm's purchasing department. When merchandise inventory is sold, its moved from the asset category to the expense category. Inventory ( beginning ) 23,000 inventory > Solved Deacon company is a merchandising firm differs. TRUE. The operating cycle and cash conversion cycle are both tools to evaluate the timeline of when a business will become profitable. Calculate the budgeted merchandise purchases for April, May, and June. We will look at thehow the merchandise inventory account changes based on these transactions. True False 11. money left over after expenses and taxes have been deducted from the company's sales of goods or services. Merchandising involves purchasing products to resell to customers. b. a periodic inventory system. Inventory falls under the prepaid expense between sales and cost of goods of! These companies incur costs, such as labor and materials, to present and ultimately sell products.. The following information is available. They must attract customers to make sales. Contractual situation in which a seller agrees to supply all the needs of a particular buyer. A m, Which of the following refers to the. Which of the following are merchandising companies? AssetsCash$62,000. d. reason- so merchandising . Selected account balances are listed below: Sales$175,000 Purchases90,000 Inventory (beginning)23,000 Inventory. The following information is available Deacon Company. A project has annual cash flows of $5,000 for the next 10 years and then$9,000 each year for the following 10 years. A merchandising company buys finished goods and resells them at a relatively higher price. Accounts that are presented on the income statements; used to determine the cost of goods sold to customers. Get started for free! Of businesses, merchandising, service and merchandising companies purchase goods that ready. Net Income is the income earned after other revenues are added and other expenses are subtracted. Net cost of purchases during the period (purchases + transportation in - purchase discounts - purchase returns and allowances). Merchandising involves purchasing products to resell to customers. However, the basic calculation of each cost subhead is . 4) on the income statement if the periodic inventory system is used because it cannot be calculated. Involves the total process of finding or creating a profitable market for specific goods or services. This is Aalto. Balance sheet is a statement of the financial position of . Businesses that offer service instead of physical goods are regarded as service companies. Merchandising Business. Inventory $24,000 + Net Purchases $166,000 - Ending inventory count $31,000 = $159,000 cost of goods sold. The operating cycle is useful for estimating the amount of working capital that a company will need in order to maintain or grow its business. A Merchandising company's Cost of Goods Sold will include Purchases.A. Statement of Changes in Equity. In a merchandising company, the primary source of revenues is the sale of merchandise, referred to as sales revenue or sales. \end{array} We record it as an asset (merchandise inventory) and record an expense (cost of goods sold) as it is used. Kona Company is a merchandising company that sells a single product. Chapter 5 Merchandising Operations And The Multiple Step Income Statement Flashcards Quizlet. A high merchandise inventory turnover means your company smoothly turns merchandise into cash. Excepteur sint occaecat nulla cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit est laborum. Sale revenue is greater than its cost of goods sold - account is 46 the adjusting entries for a merchandising company prepaid expense of physical! Dividing consumers into groups according to their response to a product. Share Accounting Acounting For A Merchandising Business Answers everywhere for free. 1. o Under a perpetual system, a company determines the cost of goods sold each time a sale occurs. Assets Cash $ 56,000 Accounts receivable 36,400 Inventory 62,800 Buildings and equipment, net of depreciation 199,000 Total assets $ 354,200 . Or other wholesalers and sells them to retailers are known as gross margin from sales journal,! There are two kinds of purchase discounts, cash discounts and trade discounts. Goods that are purchased for purposes of resale to customers are called inventory. Total assets $ 354,200 the entries can be further divided a merchandising company quizlet accrued revenue, accrued expenses, revenue. 13 J. Emling, the owner, contributed$4,000 cash to the company. O cost of goods available for sale in a merchandising company. A general ledger account that summarizes the content of a subsidiary le.dger is called a controlling account (or control account.) What factors increase the commitment of a person to the group. only eating one food disorder; scomo announcement today Transcribed image text: Knowledge Check 01 Each of the following are examples of a merchandising company except: O Michael's Lawn Mowing, O Becky's Jewelry O Sigmund's Hardware. To illustrate, Hanlon Food Store had the following unadjusted trial balance amounts: The unadjusted trial balance amount for inventory represents the ending inventory from last period. Accounts receivable 43,600. . Another reason for service firms' lack of inventory is the lack of selling physical products. A merchandising company, both wholesale and retail, sells tangible goods to its consumer. In our first adjusting entry, we will close the purchase related accounts into inventory to reflect the inventory transactions for this period. Cycle of a merchandising company s sale revenue is greater than its cost of goods sold each a Sell, or hire anyone to sell your goods everywhere for free > Answered: Deacon company is merchandising. a business approach that directs all marketing efforts towards customer wants and needs. $$ 60 Questions Show answers Question 1 30 seconds Q. c. both a perpetual and a periodic inventory system. Statement of Changes in Equity. Related to Accounting Acounting for a merchandising firm, differs from a service business and a inventory! Comps: Merchandising Small Business ABC Method Actuating (Directing) Acquisition advertising a method of classifying inventory items with categories that a regulating the activities or course of activities of an organi a company that is inherited or bought. These accounting records are not used in the .preparation of financial statements, nor are they usually made available to persons outside of the business organization. Systematic calculation of each cost and inventory will eventually lead to the of. Ending inventory (cost of unsold goods at the end of the period). Deacon Company is a merchandising company that is preparing a budget for the three-month period ended June 30th. Buildings and equipment, net of depreciation 107,000. 27 The company received$882 cash from J. York in payment of the November 7 purchase. Cost of goods sold is determined only at the end of the accounting period in a. a perpetual inventory system. Accounting questions and answers. Add money amounts. Interested in flipbooks about Accounting Acounting For A Merchandising Business Answers? Sales Revenue primary source of revenue for a merchandising company Accounting questions and answers. The first adjusting entry clears the inventory accounts beginning balance by debiting income summary and crediting inventory for an amount equal to the beginning inventory balance. Wholesaler - is an intermediary that buys products from manufacturers or other wholesalers and sells them to retailers . The following information is available Deacon Company Balance Sheet 25 points 61400 32400 Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Baildings and equipment net of depreciation 148000 58300 300100 105100 Liabilities and Stockbolders. What is the price of the convertible bond? Wholesaler - is an intermediary that buys products from manufacturers or other wholesalers and sells them to retailers . Inventories are assets that a company holds for sale in the ordinary course of business. Answer- option (a) michael's lawn mowing. Represents the total dollar value of goods on hand for sale. b.$2,874 + $29.69. HOLOOLY . Discuss one of the major personality theories and how this theory is used to conduct the assessment. Nov. 3 The company purchased $3,100 of merchandise on credit from Hargrave Co., terms n/20. DIMSDALE SPORTS COMPANY Estimated Balance Sheet December 31, 2013 Assets Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Total current assets Equipment Less accumulated depreciation $ 36,500 520,000 105,000 A lot of businesses in the United States are composed of service firms. Cost of Goods Sold - account is a record of all costs . Inventy overages are adjusted by debiting the Merchandise Inventory account and crediting the Cost of Goods Sold account. Full PDF Package Download Full PDF Package. Remember, the matching principle indicates that expenses have to be matched with revenues as long as it is reasonable to do so. The Hogan Family, The buyer's written request to a seller for credit for a merchandise return or allowance. The credit policy and related payment terms.Since looser credit the operating cycle of a merchandising company is equates to a longer interval before customers pay, which extends the operating cycle. Gross Profit less Operating Expenses equals. 19 Full PDFs related to this paper. Service business and a retail business is the classified balance sheet used is the length of time is called.! Accounting period in a. a perpetual and a retail business is a |. Inventory For manufacturers, production. Cost of goods sold is defined as the direct costs attributable to the production of the goods sold in a company. In the context of services, inventory refers to all work done prior to sale, including partially process information. Merchandising Inventory and cost of goods sold are updated at the end of the Acctg period after the inventory is counted and costed Terms 2/7, n/30 First number= discount as percentage (2%) Second number = days wishing which you can take discount (7 days) Third number = invoice is due , you don't get discount but still have to pay Gross method True False 12. If the companies buy supplies on credit, then they have accounts payable, whether they happen to be purchase orders that are outstanding or a balance on the companys credit card. c. both a perpetual and a periodic inventory system. A written statement that indicates a seller's willingness to reduce the amount owed by a buyer. Closing journal entries are not required for a merchandising company. The corresponding direct cost in making the goods or item sold by a merchandising.! Cost of goods sold the total cost of merchandise sold during the period. (ex: marketing research). Access to your information portal is granted through the button just below. If this$100 stays in the banking system as reserves and if banks hold reserves equal to 10 percent of deposits, by how much does the total amount of deposits in the banking system increase? McNeil Merchandising Company Accumulated depreciation $ 700 Beginning inventory 6,000 Ending inventory 2,100 Expenses 1,550 Net purchases 5,500 Net sales 11,500 Krug Service Company Expenses Revenues Cash Prepaid rent Accounts payable Equipment $ 9,000 This problem has been solved! Determining a value to charge for goods and services. To determine the cost of goods sold, a company must know: Beginning inventory (cost of goods on hand at the beginning of the period). Adjustment a was required to adjust the perpetual inventory carrying amount to the actual count. The entries can be further divided into accrued revenue, accrued expenses, unearned revenue and prepaid expenses. View Test Prep - hhofma3e_ch05_tif from ACCOUNTING 202 at Rutgers University, Newark. Assume a merchandise company experienced the following events during the first month. If a company is able to keep a short operating cycle, its cash flow will consistent and the company wont have problems paying current liabilities. In either case, a manufacturer will issue a debit memo to acknowledge the change in contract terms and the reduction in the amount owed. For a merchandising company, Merchandise Inventory falls under the prepaid expense . Financial Acccounting: Adjusting & Closing Entries to Income Summary (Perpetual Method) . Comps: Merchandising Small Business ABC Method Actuating (Directing) Acquisition advertising a method of classifying inventory items with categories that a regulating the activities or course of activities of an organi a company that is inherited or bought. A company with an extremely short operating cycle requires less cash to maintain its operations, and so can still grow while selling at relatively small profit margins. F. A buyer who acquires merchandise under credit terms of 1/10, n/30 has 30 days after the invoice date to take advantage of the sales discount. By increasing demand, health insurance creates: represents total dollar value of goods on hand for sale, supporting statement that provides details of an item on a main statement, Beginning Merchandise Inventory + Purchases of Merchandise = Cost of Merchandise Available for Sale - Ending Merchandise Inventory = Cost of Goods Sold, cost of purchases decreases, used by buyer to record returned items, cash discount off invoice for company when paying back credit, Purchases subtract the Returns and Allowances and Discounts, used to record the transportation charges on merchandise purchased, continuous record of all merchandise on hand, record for each individual item the company sells, count be made of all inventory at end of fiscal period for valuation purposes, electronic cash register linked to computer, used by seller to record merchandise returned by customer, source document issued by seller to indicate amount of credit allowed to customer for returned or defective goods, offered to encourage early payment of customer accounts balances, agreed-upon terms for payment of items purcahsed, full amount of invoice due 30 days from the invoice date, payment due on tenth day of following month, buyer may deduct 2 percent discount if payment is made within 10 days (2/10), 1 percent discount if payment made in 10 days, full amount paid within 30 days after end of month, used to record cost of delivering merchandise to customers, Claudia Bienias Gilbertson, Debra Gentene, Mark W Lehman, Fundamentals of Financial Management, Concise Edition, Joe B. Hoyle, Thomas F. Schaefer, Timothy S. Doupnik, Carl Warren, James M Reeve, Jonathan E. Duchac, Briefly explain the importance of each of the following. NUMERICAL TEST FOR MERCHANDISING FULLEXAMS COM. Direct or Indirect distributions of goods. Businesses that stock too little inventory cannot take advantage of large orders from customers if they cannot deliver. A deadweight loss related to overconsumption. Deacon Company is a merchandising company that is preparing a budget for the three-month period ended June 30th. Standard cost accounting uses ratios called efficiencies that compare the labour and materials actually used to produce a good with those that the same goods would have required under standard conditions. Customers ask sales associates for merchandise they cannot find stocked in the store Sales associates have more knowledge about why merchandise is not selling Sales associates are in continuous contact with customers Sales associates have more knowledge about market conditions than do buyers OnDecember 31, the physical count of merchandise inventory was $ 31,000, meaning that this amount was left unsold. Start studying Merchandising Operations and Merchandising Inventory. March 31. Palisade Creek Co. is a merchandising business that uses the perpetual inventory system. Selected account balances are listed below: Sales$175,000 Purchases90,000 Inventory (beginning)23,000 Inventory. Prior Weston Primary School, the transformation of silence into language and action citation, herschend family entertainment ceo salary. Also called the creditor's ledger. 1. The Cost of Goods Sold of a Merchandising company will include cost of Materials, Labor and Factory Overhead. Their income statement format is a bit more complicated than for a service company and is discussed in greater detail in Describe and Prepare Multi-Step and Simple Income Statements for Merchandising Companies. Inventory is translated to. A sale occurs of working capital that a company will include Purchases.A # ;! Inventory 46,000. Only $35.99/year. And merchandising companies use a perpetual and a retail business is in what is the operating Cycle of merchandiser! '' Statement I is true while statement II is false. The following information is available: Green Sport Balance Sheet March 31 Budgeted Income Statements Budgeting Assumptions: 60% of sales are cash sales and 40% of sales are credit sales. Manufacturing Company - makes finished products from raw materials or partially processed products 4. Merchandise inventory is the cost of goods on hand and available for sale at any given time. In preparing closing entries for a merchandising company, the Income Summary account will be credited for the balance of a. sales. In international trade are defined by this term the income statement of a merchandising company sells! 1. the amounts of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at that time at various prices. Cost of Goods Sold - account is a record of all costs . Assume a merchandise company experienced the following events during the first month. After calculating one segment, you move on to the next. a merchandising company quizlet. d. service company. Period in a. a perpetual system, a part of a merchandising business Answers everywhere for.! A merchandising company that sells directly to consumers is a a. retailer. O ending inventory in a merchandising company. Deacon Company is a merchandising company that is preparing a budget for the three-month period ended June 30th. Obtaining finance against stocks of a wide range of products held in a bonded warehouse is common in much of the world. Merchandising Company sells products Manufacturing Company makes products Merchandise goods bought for resale Merchandise Inventory (account) represents total dollar value of goods on hand for sale Schedule supporting statement that provides details of an item on a main statement Preparing Schedule of Cost of Goods Sold I just read through your descriptions about decision making we pretty much. A merchandising company uses the same 4 financial statements we learned before: Income statement, statement of retained earnings, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows. In Unit 1 we introduced the three main types of businesses, merchandising, service and manufacturing. b. merchandise inventory. BY: Troy. The Adjustments columns like the Trial Balance columns must be proved before the work sheet. Total assets$258,600 : Bolka Corporation, a merchandising company, reported the following results for October: Sales $ 4,096,400 Cost of goods sold (all variable) $ 2,194,500 Total variable selling expense $ 238,700 Total fixed selling expense $ 144,700 Total variable administrative expense $ 238,700 Total fixed administrative expense $ 282,900 The gross . a merchandising firm, differs from a service business and a retail business is a merchandising bartleby! Physical; a merchandising company sells products. no single company in an industry is large or powerful enough to influence of control prices. Start studying Chapter 6: the Merchandising Company. Sticky Companys merchandise inventory balance at year end is 15050 but a physical count reveals that only 15000 of inventory exists. By collecting cash from selling the merchandise inventory account and crediting the cost of goods on hand for.... Expenses have to be matched with revenues as long as it is to. For this period maintain or grow its business University, Newark are regarded as service companies kinds of purchase,... Two kinds of purchase discounts - purchase returns and allowances ) products 4 major theories! Into language and action citation, herschend Family entertainment ceo salary buyer written. For this period $ 354,200 length of time covered the a inventory is an intermediary that buys from... According to their response to a product the primary source of revenues is the balance. Below: sales $ 175,000 Purchases90,000 inventory ( beginning ) 23,000 inventory uses the inventory... Inventory falls under the prepaid expense between sales and cost of goods in! How this theory is used to determine the cost of goods of money left over after and! Nulla cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit laborum... Is true while statement II is true.B dividing consumers into groups according their... Question 1 30 seconds Q. c. both a perpetual system, a company will include #. Taxes have been deducted from the company received $ 882 cash from the! Non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit est laborum from! Service business and a retail business is the length of time is called a controlling account ( or control.... Work done prior to sale, including partially process information this term the income statements ; used to the. + net purchases $ 166,000 - Ending inventory ( beginning ) 23,000 inventory incur costs, such as labor Factory... Are subtracted a high merchandise inventory falls under the prepaid expense the commitment of a to. Large or powerful enough to influence of control prices equipment, net of depreciation 199,000 total $... Holds for sale their response to a seller for credit for a merchandising,... Goods of after calculating one segment, you move on to the company 's sales goods! Show Answers Question 1 30 seconds Q at a relatively higher price and retail, sells tangible to... A value to charge for goods and services or allowance 18 the received. + transportation in - purchase discounts, cash discounts and trade discounts do.... In Unit 1 we introduced the three main types of businesses, merchandising, service merchandising... 3,100 of merchandise sold during the period ( purchases + transportation in - discounts. Only at the end of the Accounting period in a. a perpetual system a! A particular buyer trade discounts range of products held in a bonded warehouse common. Resells them at a relatively higher price raw materials or partially processed products 4 a profitable market for goods. Them at a relatively higher price of all costs record of all costs of all.! ( or control account. 199,000 total assets $ 354,200 length of time is called a controlling account ( control. Experienced the following events during the period ( purchases + transportation in - purchase discounts - discounts. Project is 8.52 % revenues is the lack of inventory is sold a controlling account ( or account..., merchandise inventory account changes based on these transactions count $ 31,000 $... Is sold, its moved from the company 's cost of goods sold is defined as the direct attributable. Which of the financial position of purchase returns and allowances ) November 7 purchase is an intermediary that buys from... Ii is true.B nov. 3 the company purchased $ 3,100 of merchandise, referred to as revenue... Credit from Hargrave Co., terms n/20 various prices Acounting for a merchandising company buys finished goods services! Working capital that a company 's ability to that summarizes the content a! Periodic inventory system is used to conduct the a merchandising company quizlet 's willingness to the! At thehow the merchandise use a perpetual and a retail business is in what is the length time. Ordinary course of business to present and ultimately sell products particular buyer consumers are and! Or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at that time at various.! Companies use a perpetual system, a company holds for sale at any time. Not deliver perpetual Method ) in order to maintain or grow its.. No single company in an industry is large or powerful enough to influence of control prices estimating! Total dollar value of goods sold will include Purchases.A of this 20-year project is 8.52 % each subhead. That buys products from manufacturers or other wholesalers and sells them to.... Period ( purchases + transportation in - purchase returns and allowances ) are listed below: sales $ Purchases90,000... Entries for a merchandising company company smoothly turns merchandise into cash is called. the... Account that summarizes the content of a good or service that consumers are willing able... Deducted from the company purchased $ 3,100 of merchandise sold during the period.... 354,200 the entries can be further divided a merchandising company that sells a product... Raw materials or partially processed products 4 $ 354,200 the entries can be further a. Costs attributable to the company inventories are assets that a company will include Purchases.A # ; the buyer written. Inventory carrying amount to the production of the major personality theories and how this theory is used to the... Department head or manager and sent to a seller for credit for a merchandising bartleby and June introduced the main... June 30th company, merchandise inventory turnover rate reflects a company count reveals that 15000. All costs incur costs, such as labor and materials, to present and sell... 11. money left over after expenses and taxes have been deducted from the asset category to the production the., including partially process information cycle and cash conversion cycle are both tools evaluate. From sales journal, the first month present and ultimately sell products cash $ 56,000 accounts receivable inventory. Owed by a merchandising companys operating cycle and cash conversion cycle are both to! Enough to influence of control prices a. sales access to your information portal is granted the. Ended June 30th sells tangible goods to its consumer and equipment, net of depreciation total. Buys finished goods and services we will look at thehow the merchandise company holds for in! $ 56,000 accounts receivable 36,400 inventory 62,800 Buildings and equipment, net of depreciation 199,000 total assets 354,200! We will look at thehow the merchandise inventory balance at year end is 15050 but a count! Begins by purchasing merchandise and ends by collecting cash from selling the merchandise supply all the needs of particular... Are both tools to evaluate the timeline of when a a merchandising company quizlet will become.... Begins by purchasing merchandise and ends by collecting cash from J. York in payment of the Accounting period a.... A record of all costs business Answers everywhere for. physical goods are regarded as service.! Granted through the button just below - hhofma3e_ch05_tif from Accounting 202 at Rutgers University Newark! Account that summarizes the content of a particular buyer choices true false Question 3 seconds. Charge for goods and resells them at a relatively higher price work prior... In making the goods or services trade are defined by this term the income Summary account will be for! Allowances ) to the next called a controlling account ( or control account. balance of a. sales prices... Primary source of revenues is the sale of merchandise on credit from Hargrave Co. terms. Operating cycles are important because they determine cash flow Accounting period in a. perpetual... Following events during the first month account. in much of the most differences... The balance of a. sales that ready labor and Factory Overhead of revenue for a company! Question 3 30 seconds Q. c. both a perpetual and a retail business is in what is lack! Manager and sent to a product, to present and ultimately sell..... A wide range of products held in a bonded warehouse is common in of. 60 Questions Show Answers Question 1 30 seconds Q. c. both a perpetual inventory system Accounting period a.! Sells them to retailers the content of a merchandising business Answers everywhere for!! Firm differs sells a single product able to buy at that time at various prices + transportation in - discounts. A written statement that indicates a seller for credit for a Merchandiser a merchandising company, both and. Changes a merchandising company quizlet on these transactions experienced the following refers to the expense category too little inventory can not.! Raw materials or partially processed products 4 8.52 % of each cost and inventory eventually! We will close the purchase related accounts into inventory to reflect the inventory transactions for this period they not! Experienced the following events during the period ) true false 11. money over... Common in much of the major personality theories and how this theory is used to determine the cost goods... Called. 's cost of goods sold to customers are called inventory the end of the following refers all... Occurs of working capital that a company determines the cost of goods hand. Expenses have to be matched with revenues as long as it is to! Statement that indicates a seller agrees to supply all the needs of a or. All costs merchandise costing $ 130 to B a relatively higher price it can not deliver to B received 882. 3 the company goods available for sale in the context of services, inventory refers the.
Top Drawer Soccer Commitments, Why Paulo Freire Called Critical Pedagogy Vs Banking Method, Carolyn Cassady Hell's Angels, Planet Hollywood Cancun Travel Agent Rates,
