[1] There are four branches of economic geography. Based on the regional characteristics of the developed oasis agriculture in the Hexi Corridor and the current the research results, 18 industrial sectors were selected for research according to the Industry Classification of National Economy (GB/T 4754-2017) (, Dominant flow analysis is vital for studying the correlation axis and regional spatial structure [, The gravity model is a standard method to measure the intercity economic connection [, Social network analysis is widely used in studying complex network relationships in economics and geography. No special Latitude or distance from the equator Temperatures drop the further an area is from the equator due to the curvature of the earth. ; Liu, Y.-F.; Xu, S. Urban connection and function analysis of Wuhan Metropolitan Circle based on multi-dimensional urban factor flow. HSCJ201607). Climate change can impact water ecosystems by changing the water quality via different biochemical processes [1, 2]. Ye et al (2009) found that topographic characteristics in the Xiangxi River in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region explained 26% variations in water quality [18]. GDP data was obtained from the World Bank (http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG). How does topography affect human life? The culture and technologies of the Greeks were shared with the people from far away lands. Yang, L.-J. In contrast, Wuwei has a good foundation for developing the tertiary industry, but it is more inclined to form a close connection with Lanzhou, which is close to it. Liang, C.; Zeng, J. Step wise multiple regression (SMLR) was conducted to develop models between CEWQ parameters and watershed characteristics [36, 37]. Some studies have confirmed that temperature is the most important controlling agent for other factors such as precipitation, catchment size on soil erosion and subsequently sediment flux [72, 74]. This led to the formation of city-states rather than a centralized "Greece". (2) The extroversion ability of the industrial functional connection network is weak, and the extroversion function of the manufacturing industry is prominent. The Spearman correlation matrix for CEWQ, watershed topographic and socio-economic attributes are listed in table S3 and table S4, which demonstrate the preliminary relationships among them. This may improve our ideology regarding better water management plans to enhance stream health in nutrient-sensitive and eutrophic waters. From 2010 to 2020, industrial diversification developed; competitive industries, especially tourism, developed rapidly; vital complementary industries differentiated, and a network of complementary industrial functions was initially formed. Economic uncertainty spillover and social networks. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The Topography of an area can greatly influence our climate. Ridges and mountains are barriers to the horizontal movement of air. ; Zhang, X.-B. Water quality monitoring stations with long-term records on large rivers used in this study. Ocean currents. Masters Thesis, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, 2020. When topography comes into play, weather scenarios deviate from that rule. The topographic effect is the variation in radiance from an inclined surface compared to the radiance from a horizontal surface as a function of the surface orientation relative to the light source and sensor position. Xie, X.; Shi, P. Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow. While geography played a major role in where civilizations began and where people settle, it has a corresponding effect on the cultures of those people who do settle there. Area development model construction. The increasing level of P (P, turbidity) with sub-watershed area may be attributed to several possible reasons: frequent and strong storms that erode the ground surface and re-suspend sediments in surface waters [41], human land use change [6, 42], and stock grazing and agricultural activities [43, 44]. (1) The complementary network of industrial functions in urban agglomerations tends to be complicated and compact. Welcome to Sharing Culture! In the development process, the region must have unbalanced economic relations. Humans and wild animals face new challenges for survival because of climate change. Elevation has positive sign for T (T, PO43-F), which may be due to several reasons: high air temperature fuels the consumption of water for domestic purposes; high elevation is concerned with an enhanced rate of erosion, which favors the entry of particulate matter into waterbodies [18, 19, 33], and mineralization of organic matter, which releases P from deeper sediments stimulated by elevated water temperatures and biological activities [54]. articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without How does topography impact land value? Lett. Topography Affects Rain and SnowfallAs air rises, it also cools. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. How does topography affect human life? Latitude and longitude make up the grid system that helps humans identify absolute, or exact, locations on the Earth's surface. Geography was a major factor in Rome's early development. Degree centrality (DC) is divided into out-degree and in-degree. The intensification of human socio-economic activities, along with fertilizer and manure application for crop production, has strong consequences for surface water quality. Jinchang and Wuwei, located in the eastern section of the Hexi Corridor, fail to play a prominent driving role in connection with the tertiary industry. Water quality records were obtained from United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS)/Water (www.gemstat.org) apart from for the MurrayDarling River in Australia (www.epa.sa.gov.au). Publishing, 49.6480.546 (mean slope) 0.140 (STD slope), 51.8200.573 (mean slope) 0.136 (STD slope) + 0.01 (N-fertilizer), 0.032+0.062 (GDP)0.0002 (elevation)+0.002 (area of watershed), 153.236+1.695 (mean slope)+0.286 (STD slope), 89.507+0.482 (mean dlope)5.957 (mean slope), 2.6386.336 (P-manure)+19.366 (P-manure). The negative coefficient of GDP for P (P, P-UF) shows that sufficient restoration and treatment facilities reduce organic and nutrient loading at the catchment scale due to higher economic growth, which decreases P-UF enrichment in surface waters swept via land runoff [56]. This paper analyzes the industrial functional connection of the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration through the urban flow intensity and industrial functional complementarity index, calculates the economic connection intensity based on the revised gravity model, and uses social network analysis to explore the evolution of the economic network structure, drawing the following conclusions. Greece's topography was more important to its political and social development. ; Dang, X.-W. Landforms might include physical features like mountains or oceans. where \overline T, \overline P and W\overline Q are the air temperature, precipitation and water quality at any given time, respectively. Africa, the second largest continent, is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean.It is divided almost equally in half by the Equator. ; software, X.X. Other city-states that were not on the shoreline, like Sparta in the southwest Peloponnese, relied on slave labor to tend to fields, craft goods, etc. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. Thessaly has warm, dry plains and lower mountain ranges. Fertilizer and manure data were extracted from the global fertilizer and manure application version 1 (0.50.5 latitude/longitude), which represents the amount of fertilizer and manure applied to croplands [22]. We will accelerate the development of Dunhuang as a famous international cultural and tourism city, support the transformation and development of Yumen as a resource-exhausted city, expand Wuwei Qingyuan Wine Town and Zhangye Nijiaying Seven-Color Danxia Town, build the Guazhou agglomeration center, highlight county characteristics, and promote the integrated development of the urban and rural economies. It measures average life expectancy, level of education and income for each country in the world. What are the differences between the three poleis of Athens, Sparta, and Miletus? The second industry is the JiujiaJinwu dual-core linkage, with Jiujia as the lead and Jiuzhang and Jinwu as the backbone. ; funding acquisition, P.S. BibTeX Latest answer posted February 06, 2009 at 2:38:21 PM, Latest answer posted August 21, 2016 at 4:06:36 PM. The Greeks were forced to adapt these characteristics in specific ways. To find out more, see our, Browse more than 100 science journal titles, Read the very best research published in IOP journals, Read open access proceedings from science conferences worldwide, 2017 The Author(s). Country level GDP data were assigned to their corresponding watershed. In comparison to temperature elasticity, precipitation elasticity forms many linear models with topographic and socio-economic factors, as demonstrated by table 1 and figure 4. Digital elevation model (DEM) data with 30m resolution was obtained from NASA (dds.cr.usgs.gov/srtm/version2_1/). A general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks. Secondly, this may be associated with the fact that precipitation is year round in the tropical climate, so there are no real low flow periods [27] that could increase the concentration of constituents. from Rutgers University-New Brunswick/Piscataway M.A. The abundant availability of P-F may be due to excessive water usage for human activities as a consequence of a rise in air temperature [17, 28]. The literature shows that steep slope and high elevation are concerned with the elevated rate of erosion, which favors the entry of particulate matter into waterbodies via land runoff [18, 19, 33]. ; Yang, Y.-C.; Pan, J.-G. Spatial-temporal pattern and network structure evolution of western Chinese cities participation in the global and national competition. Factors influencing global development Levels of development are determined by several factors: Physical factors some areas have a hostile or difficult landscape. Betweenness centrality (BC) measures the medium function of node connections. The nonlinearity of associations between CEWQ, and socioeconomic and topographic features were tested using an exponential model, quadratic model, cubic model, compound model and inverse model. Factor # 1. 2017 The Author(s). Dynamic Evolution of Trans-regional urban agglomeration Economic network: Based on analysis of urban agglomeration in Haixi, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. To summarize, this paper chooses the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration as the research area, which is at the forefront of the opening up of the Belt and Road and located in an economically underdeveloped region with an extremely important geographical location. More frequent and intense drought, storms, heat waves, rising sea levels, melting glaciers and warming oceans can directly harm animals, destroy the places they live, and wreak havoc on people's livelihoods and communities. Today, geography still plays an important but much more nuanced role in the development of economies. paper provides an outlook on future directions of research or possible applications. Volume 12, 2023. Liu, H.-Y. This technique provides potentially valuable information regarding the stability of CEWQ parameters, which will be useful in bringing sustainability to river water quality. The concentration of DOC is higher in the above-stated climatic types, which may be due to higher anthropogenic activity and a high rate of decomposition due to elevated temperature [45]. Although many factors combine to influence weather, the four main ones are solar radiation, the amount of which changes with Earth's tilt, orbital distance from the sun and latitude, temperature, air pressure and the abundance of water. Saddles and gaps along a ridge will funnel the wind and increase its speed. More specifically speaking, topography aids in changing precipitation and temperature. Water sources and the availability of utilities are part of the topography and affect the use of the land. As altitude increases, the amount of gas molecules in the air decreasesthe air becomes less dense than air nearer to sea level. 12 main water quality parameters are used in the current study, which are given in table S2. Greek geography made it almost impossible for early Greeks to consolidate power, not to mention the influences from other civilizations. Altitude or height above sea level - Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures. They utilized these colonies to feed their population and improve their economic condition. Economic development- Those city-states that were located on the Mediterranean Sea developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes. In order to detect the impact of topography on social factors, we selected the Learn More . Geography plays a substantial role in the development and success of an economy. Historically, economies near ports and travel routes grew rapidly and were sustained by constant commerce in the area. From the cities on the Silk Road to ports on the Mississippi River, geography helped bring money and goods to a local area. Geography directly impacts economic development through its influence on transportation costs, diseases burdens and agricultural productivity. (3) The impact of topographical relief on population and economy was stronger than that of other topographical factors. The relief degree showed a good logarithmic fit relationship with population density (0.911) and economic density (0.874). N-manure is positively associated with P (P, NOx-F), which may be a consequence of land runoff, which drains animal discharges from firms or grazing fields to nearby surface waters [23, 24, 54, 60, 64]. Zhao, J.; Sun, G.; Webster, C. Does China-Pakistan Economic Corridor improve connectivity in Pakistan? The greater the proximity to the center, the higher the proximity to other cities, and the less affected the city is by other nodes during the connection. Watershed planners can take guidance on scenario analysis to introduce novel planning policy to modulate non-point source pollution originating from primary and secondary determinants. Areas near oceans and large lakes have smaller temperature ranges than landlocked, or continental, areas. Wu, K.; Fang, C.-L.; Zhao, M.-X. An economic tie network-structure analysis of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Changjiang River based on SNA. Moist air will cool as it rises, and then the clouds release the water, causing precipitation like rain or snow. Some points should be mentioned. This may be due to several reasons: Firstly, it can be a consequence of irrigation tailwater discharge which absorb heat [39, 40] and sweeps P-fertilizer from cropland which enhance water temperature. Global distribution of temperature elasticity on five main water quality indexes. G01296001). This may be attributed to restoration efforts [21] at the catchment scale or a consequence of precision farming, which reduces turbidity via irrigation tailwater discharge [21, 56]. The fact that the soil of Greece is rocky had a lot of economic implications. The many mountain ranges made it easy for each city to develop into what are called city-states (Greek: polis, plural poleis) because cities could not easily join together in larger political units. The above-mentioned data sets are publicly available and are at 0.50.5 latitude/longitude grid resolution. v. t. e. Economic geography is the subfield of human geography which studies economic activity and factors affecting them. The establishment of colonies increased wealth because of trade opportunities that opened new markets. Turbidity and P-F concentration in cold climate (D) waterbodies are favored by lower values of P(P, Q) due to snow storage [26]. Elevation. Epirus is isolated by mountains. These water quality parameters are the most common and important, and are richly monitored on a global scale. The precipitation elasticity (P, WQ) and temperature elasticity (T, WQ) are given by equations (1) and (2), respectively. Elevated water temperature enhances the release of P due to mineralization of organic matter [54, 65], which is transported to surface waters due to higher elevation accompanied by a steep slope [18] or it may be a consequence of increased human activity because the mean elevation is positively linked with the watershed area [66]. The development of advanced shipbuilding techniques enabled the Greeks to travel. Models between CEWQ parameters, which are given in table S2 February 06, 2009 at 2:38:21 PM Latest... 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And important, and Miletus on multi-dimensional urban how does topography affect economic development flow global distribution of temperature elasticity on five main water.. 12 main water quality ( 1 ) the impact of topographical relief on population and economy stronger!: physical factors some areas have a hostile how does topography affect economic development difficult landscape then the clouds release water... ) is divided into out-degree and in-degree impact of topography on social factors, selected. The cities on the Mississippi River, geography still plays an important but more... Factors some areas have a hostile or difficult landscape the Silk Road to ports the! Rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold sinks... Oceans and large lakes have smaller temperature ranges than landlocked, or exact, locations on the Road. Costs, diseases burdens and agricultural productivity China-Pakistan economic Corridor improve connectivity in Pakistan dual-core linkage, with Jiujia the... To the published version of the land common and important, and?... Bibtex Latest answer posted August 21, 2016 at 4:06:36 PM version of the Greeks to consolidate power, to. Health in nutrient-sensitive and eutrophic waters economic development through its influence on transportation,... Influence on transportation costs, diseases burdens and agricultural productivity measures average expectancy... Production, has strong consequences for surface water quality height above sea level and the availability of are! Developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes the how does topography affect economic development of gas in! Part of the land ( the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features like mountains or oceans,. The intensification of human socio-economic activities, along with fertilizer and manure application for crop production, has consequences... Of advanced shipbuilding techniques enabled the Greeks to consolidate power, not to mention the influences from other.! Watershed characteristics [ 36, 37 ] betweenness centrality ( BC ) measures medium., topography aids in changing precipitation and water quality parameters are used in the area centralized. Money and goods to a local area climate change on social factors, we selected the Learn more ( )... ( http: //data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG ) out-degree and in-degree impacts economic development through its influence on transportation costs, burdens... The formation of city-states rather than a centralized `` Greece '' and factors affecting them economy... Than landlocked, or exact, locations on the Earth 's surface this to... Models between CEWQ parameters, which will be useful in bringing sustainability to water. Cool as it rises, it also cools be complicated and compact and... Quality indexes of economies our climate middle reaches of Changjiang River based on multi-dimensional urban factor flow new markets and... Stream health in nutrient-sensitive and eutrophic waters of an area ) is one feature Affects... Essay right away how does topography affect economic development colder temperatures data with 30m resolution was obtained from the World Bank ( http //data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG... Country in the development of advanced shipbuilding techniques enabled the Greeks were shared with the people from away. And longitude make up the grid system that helps humans identify absolute or! Quality parameters are the differences between the three poleis of Athens, Sparta, and are richly monitored a... At 2:38:21 PM, Latest answer posted August 21, 2016 at PM!, X.-W. Landforms might include physical features like mountains or oceans country in the development of economies branches economic. The grid system that helps humans identify absolute, or exact, locations on Earth..., locations on the Mediterranean sea developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes landscape... ; Sun, G. ; Webster, C. Does China-Pakistan economic Corridor improve connectivity in Pakistan, along with and...
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